Belize

COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: Belize is a parliamentary democracy and Commonwealth country. Belize has a developing economy based primarily upon agriculture and tourism. Tourist facilities vary in quality, from a limited number of business-class hotels in Belize City and luxury resorts in the offshore cayes (pronounced: "keys") to a range of eco-tourism lodges and very basic accommodations in the countryside. Violent crime, especially in areas of Belize City, remains a serious concern. Read the Department of State’s Background Notes on Belize for additional information.

REGISTRATION / EMBASSY LOCATION: U.S. citizens living or traveling in Belize are encouraged to register with the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate at the Department of State’s travel registration page in order to obtain updated information on local travel and security. U.S. citizens without Internet access may register directly with the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Registration is important; it allows the State Department to assist U.S. citizens in an emergency. Local embassy information is available below and at the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates.

U.S. Embassy Belmopan, Belize: Contact information:

U.S. Embassy Belmopan
#4 Floral Park Road
Belmopan, Cayo District
Belize, Central America
Telephone: 011-501-822-4011
Emergency after-hours telephone: 011-501-610-5030
Facsimile: 011-501-822-4050

ENTRY / EXIT REQUIREMENTS: All U.S. citizens must have a U.S. passport valid for at least six months from the date of arrival in Belize and a proof of return to the U.S. No visas are required for citizens of the United States for tourist visits of up to 30 days, but they must have onward or return air tickets and proof of sufficient funds to maintain themselves in Belize. Visitors for purposes other than tourism, or who wish to stay longer than 30 days, must obtain visas. All tourists and non-Belizean citizens are required to pay an exit fee of U.S. $39.25 (payable in U.S. dollars only). Belize allows visitors a maximum of one month’s stay in the country before they require an extension. No specific immunizations are required for visitors to Belize. Visit the Embassy of Belize website for the most current visa information.

Cruise ship passengers: U.S. citizens on closed-loop cruises (i.e., cruises that begin and end at the same U.S. port) will be permitted to depart or enter the U.S. with a birth certificate and a government-issued photo ID. Check with your cruise line to ensure you have the appropriate documentation. U.S. citizen passengers leaving their cruise ship and returning, for any reason, by air to the U.S. will be required to present their valid U.S. passports to airline officials before being permitted to board the aircraft.

Embassy of Belize: Belize maintains the following diplomatic and consular posts in the United States:

Embassy of Belize
2535 Massachusetts Avenue, NW,
Washington DC 20008
Telephone: (202) 332-9636
Facsimile: (202) 332-6888

Consulate General of Belize
4801 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 250
Los Angeles, California 90010
Telephone: 323-634-9900
Facsimile: 323-634-9903

Permanent Mission of Belize
201 East 42nd Street
New York, NY 10017-5704
Telephone: (212) 986-1240
Facsimile: 212-593-0932

HIV/AIDS restrictions: The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of Belize.

Special Notice for Dual Nationals: Information about dual nationality or the prevention of international child abduction can be found on our website. For further information about customs regulations, please read our Customs Information page.

A person who is a citizen of both the U.S. and Belize is able to enter Belize with only a Belizean passport;

SAFETY AND SECURITY:

Terrorism and Security: The potential for domestic terrorist activity such as bombings, kidnappings, or hijackings is considered low in Belize. However, gang members and other criminals have used fragmentation grenades and firearms to settle disputes. At least a dozen hand grenades stolen from a military facility remain unaccounted for. No U.S. citizens or other foreign nationals are known to have been the victims or targets of terrorist activity in Belize, nor are Americans believed to be specifically targeted for robbery or other crimes but are instead targets of opportunity. No areas are closed to travel but visitors should exercise caution, particularly in remote areas along the borders and adjacency zone and in urban areas.

General Safety: Visitors should exercise situational awareness and good judgment while visiting Belize. Crime is a serious and growing problem throughout Belize, particularly in Belize City and remote areas. Road accidents are common (see Traffic Safety and Road Conditions) and traffic fatalities have included Americans. Public buses and taxis are frequently in poor condition and lack basic safety equipment. Many unlicensed taxis are present in Belize and Americans are encouraged to avoid traveling in them; genuine taxis may be identified by their green-colored license plates. Medical care is limited in many areas and emergency response services such as ambulances or paramedics may be either unavailable or limited in capability and equipment (see Medical Facilities and Health Information).

Water Safety: Boats serving the public, especially water taxis, often do not carry sufficient safety equipment. Many carry an excess number of passengers and may sail in inclement weather. Rental diving equipment may not always be properly maintained or inspected, and some local dive masters fail to consider the skill levels of individual tourists when organizing dives to some of Belize’s more challenging sites. Deaths and serious mishaps have occurred as a result of the negligence of dive tour operators and the lack of strict enforcement of tour regulations. The Embassy strongly recommends that anyone interested in scuba diving or snorkeling while in Belize check the references, licenses, and equipment of tour operators before agreeing to or paying for a tour. Safety precautions and emergency response capabilities may not be up to U.S. standards. All tour guides and boat captains are now required to be licensed by the Government of Belize. The only hyperbaric recompression chamber in Belize is located in San Pedro Town, Ambergris Caye.

Cave Tubing: Following a fatal accident at the Cave’s Branch Archeological Park in September 2008, the Belize Tourism Board (BTB) implemented new regulations, effective as of October 15, 2008. Designed to improve safety at cave tubing attractions, those policies include an enhanced, mandatory guest-to-guide ratio of eight-to-one for all cave tubing tour companies operating in Belize. Signage is required at each cave tubing excursion site to inform participants of park rules, current water conditions, and/or warnings. Mandatory specialty training for each cave tubing guide continues and includes education on new regulations. Helmets are required for each cave tubing participant as of January 1, 2009. Additionally, the National Institute of Culture and History (NICH), which manages the Cave’s Branch Archeological Park, has installed additional monitoring equipment for cave tubing excursions which measure currents and other factors.

Border Areas: Borders between Belize and Guatemala are in dispute, but the dispute thus far has not affected travel. Visitors should avoid trekking or other activities near the Belize-Guatemala border to ensure that they do not inadvertently cross the border into Guatemala. As illegal cross-border activities increase after nightfall, visitors to the border areas should travel only during daylight areas.

For the latest security information, U.S. citizens traveling abroad should regularly monitor the Department of State's Bureau of Consular Affairs' website, which contains current the Travel Warnings and Travel Alerts as well as the Worldwide Caution.

Up-to-date information on safety and security can also be obtained by calling 1-888-407-4747 toll-free within the U.S. and Canada, or by calling a regular toll line, 1-202-501-4444, from other countries. These numbers are available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).

The Department of State urges American citizens to take responsibility for their own personal security while traveling overseas. For general information about appropriate measures travelers can take to protect themselves in an overseas environment, see the Department of State’s extensive tips and advice on traveling safely abroad.

CRIME: Organized crime above the street gang level is primarly connected to drug trafficking or trafficking in persons. The incidence of crime, including violent crimes such as armed robbery, shooting, stabbing, murder, and rape, remains high. Although Americans are not specifically targeted because of their nationality, in recent years the Embassy has noted an increase in crimes against tourists at resorts and on the roads and river ways. The incidence of crimes such as theft, burglary, purse-snatching, and pick-pocketing increases around the winter holidays and during spring break. Several victims who resisted when confronted by criminals have received serious injuries, including gunshot wounds. Although the majority of reported incidents occur in Belize City, crime may occur anywhere including tourist destinations such as San Pedro Town (Ambergris Caye), Caye Caulker, and Placencia.

While increased police patrols, coordinated tours among resort security managers, and the arrest of perpetrators may reduce the frequency of crimes, these measures do not guarantee safety. Armed robberies of tourists remain a possibility at archeological sites, national parks, and other areas frequented by visitors. On February10, 2009, four American and two Canadian tourists accompanied by two Belizean tour guides were the victims of a robbery outside Rio Frio Cave in the Mountain Pine Ridge area. On September 15, 2009, two tourists at the Blue Hole National Park were robbed by two men wearing masks and carrying knives. In both instances, there is no information suggesting the perpetrators were targeting tourists of any specific nationality; rather, the victims appear to have been targets of opportunity.

American citizens are encouraged to exercise caution and good situational awareness in all their travel activities. Visitors to tourist attractions should travel in groups and stick to the main plazas at Maya ruins and the central areas. Although there are armed guards stationed at many of the archeological sites, armed criminals have been known to prey on persons walking alone or in small groups from one site to another. While many theft victims are unharmed and only robbed of personal belongings and cash, victims who resist assailants have suffered injury. U.S. citizens who become victims of a robbery should report it immediately at the nearest police station as well as notifying the Embassy.

The Embassy recommends that visitors travel in groups and only during daylight hours. Avoid wearing jewelry or carrying valuable or expensive items. As a general rule, valuables should not be left unattended, including in hotel rooms and on the beach. Care should be taken when carrying high value items such as cameras, or when wearing expensive jewelry on the street. Women’s handbags should be zipped and held close to the body. Men should carry wallets in their front pants pocket. Large amounts of cash should always be handled descreetly.

Sexual harrassmant and/or assault of persons traveling alone or in small groups have occurred in recent years. One rape occurred after the victim accepted a ride from an acquaintance, while others have occurred during armed robberies in resort areas or after an evening of nightclubbing. One of these assaults resulted in the death of the victim.

Specific groups such as the elderly, women, or gays are not singled out for victimization, however neither are they immune from being targeted for robbery or assault. Homosexuality is not widely accepted in Belize culture and homosexual behavior may be subject to prosecution as an “Unnatural crime” under Section 53 of the Belize Criminal Code.

A lack of resources and training impedes the ability of the police to effectively investigate crime and apprehend serious offenders. As a result, a number of crimes against Americans in Belize remain unresolved.

The Embassy has also become aware of “confidence scams” occurring in Belize, especially in resort areas. While there no indication U.S. citizens are specifically singled out because of their nationality, tourists in general are particularly vulnerable to these crimes, resulting in visitors being pick-pocketed or robbed. More serious crimes have included armed robbery, physical assault, and being swindled out of large sums of money from fake real estate and other business deals.

With regard to business investments and contractual relationships, U.S. citizens should always conduct their own due diligence before entering into business ventures or other commercial arrangements. Local business and trade associations, including the American Chamber of Commerce and British chamber of commerce,as well as government offices, may be able to provide information regarding Belize commercial requirements, validity of businesses, and reputable vendors and business agents. There have also been recent cases where investors have disputed commercial agreements with the Government of Belize through formal commercial dispute resolution procedures and the Government of Belize has failed to honor its agreements.

Drug use is common in some tourist areas. American citizens should not buy, sell, hold, or take illegal drugs under any circumstances. Penalties for possession of drugs or drug paraphernalia are generally more severe than in the U.S. Visitors are cautioned that Belize classifies marijuana or ganja (i.e., cannabis) as an illegal drug for which a conviction of possession of even small amounts could result in heavy fines or imprisonment.

In many countries around the world, counterfeit and pirated goods are widely available. Transactions involving such products may be illegal under local law. In addition, bringing them back to the United States may result in forfeitures and/or fines.

INFORMATION FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME: If you are the victim of a crime abroad, you should contact the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate (see end of this sheet or see the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates). This includes the loss or theft of a U.S. passport. The embassy/consulate staff can, for example, help you find appropriate medical care, contact family members or friends and explain how funds may be transferred. Although the investigation and prosecution of the crime are solely the responsibility of local authorities, consular officers can help you to understand the local criminal justice process and to find an attorney if needed. The local equivalent to the “911” emergency line in Belize is 911. Please see our information on victims of crime, including possible victim compensation programs in the United States.

CRIMINAL PENALTIES: While in a foreign country, a U.S. citizen is subject to that country's laws and regulations, which sometimes differ significantly from those in the United States and may not afford the protections available to the individual under U.S. law. Penalties for breaking the law can be more severe than in the United States for similar offenses. Persons violating Belize laws may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Penalties for possessing, using, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Belize are severe, and convicted offenders can expect long jail sentences and heavy fines. Belize has strict laws making possession of a firearm, ammunition, or anti-ballistic body armor illegal unless a valid permit is obtained. Penalties for firearms violations are severe. U.S. gun licenses or permits have no validity in Belize. Engaging in sexual conduct with children or using or disseminating child pornography in a foreign country is a crime, prosecutable in the United States.

SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: Visitors entering Belize must make a customs declaration of any currency or financial instruments exceeding a total value of $10,000 U.S. dollars.

U.S. citizens visiting Belize for vacation, transit, or business purposes do not ordinarily require a Belize visa in advance of their arrival. Belize’s Department of Immigration routinely issues visitor’s permits at border crossings and at the Philip S.W. Goldson International Airport for stays of up to 30 days. Visitor’s permits may be renewed or extended by application to the Department of Immigration while in Belize.

According to the Embassy of Belize in Washington, D.C., all visitors to Belize must be in a possession of a valid passport, an onward or return ticket and sufficient funds (US $ 60.00 per day) to cover the cost of the length of stay. U.S. citizens wishing to obtain visas in advance of their arrival may apply at the Embassy of Belize or one of its constituent consulates.

Cruise ship passengers debarking and reembarking the same day may do so while in possession of valid, government-issued identification and an original copy of their birth certificate.

U.S. citizens traveling with their children may be asked by immigration officials to show birth certificates for each child. When children are not traveling with both parents, immigration officials often request documentation to establish the children are traveling with the permission of both parents. Such documentation may include notarized letters from the parent(s), custody or adoption papers, and even death certificates in situations where one or both parents are deceased.

Persons who are citizens of both the U.S. and Belize are able to enter Belize with only a Belizean passport; such dual nationals should be aware, however, that a valid U.S. passport will be required in order to board a U.S.-bound flight from Belize and that the average processing time for a passport at the Embassy is approximately 10 working days.

Persons illegally present in Belize may face a sentence of imprisonment of up to six months if they are unable to pay the fine imposed by a court. Persons violating Belize’s laws, even unknowingly, may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned.

Consular access for Americans who are detained or arrested is uniformly good, but U.S. citizens under arrest should politely request that police notify the Embassy or that they be permitted to call the Embassy themselves. U.S. citizens requiring consular access or notification on weekdays during business hours should ask to speak to the American Citizen Services (ACS) Unit (tel. 822-4011; fax 822-4050). After business hours and during weekends or holidays the Embassy maintains a duty officer who can be reached at tel. 610-5030.

Incidents of official corruption involving U.S. visitors to Belize have only rarely reported, however longer-term residents have reported less fortunate experiences.

MEDICAL FACILITIES AND HEALTH INFORMATION: Medical care for minor ailments is generally available in urban areas. Trauma care or advanced medical treatment is limited, even in Belize City, and may be extremely limited or unavailable in rural and remote areas. Pharmacy services are generally good in larger towns; many medications such as antibiotics which are available only by prescription in the U.S. can be obtained over-the-counter from licensed pharmacists. More specialized prescription medications may be completely unavailable. U.S. citizens bringing their own prescription medications with them must ensure they carry a current doctor’s prescription for each medication.

In much of the country, emergency services will be either unavailable or delayed. Serious injuries or illnesses often require evacuation to another country. The Embassy strongly suggests visitors consider obtaining traveler’s insurance in advance of their travel to cover unexpected medical emergencies.

The Government of Belize reported an outbreak of dengue fever in July 2009 and of H1N1 influenza in May and September 2009.

Information on vaccinations and other health precautions, such as safe food and water precautions and insect bite protection, may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) hotline for international travelers at 1-877-FYI-TRIP (1-877-394-8747) or via the CDC website. For information about outbreaks of infectious diseases abroad, consult the infectious diseases section of the World Health Organization (WHO) website. The WHO website also contains additional health information for travelers, including detailed country-specific health information.

MEDICAL INSURANCE: The Department of State strongly urges U.S. citizens to consult their medical insurance company prior to traveling abroad to determine whether the policy applies overseas and whether it covers emergency expenses such as a medical evacuation. For more information, please see our medical insurance overseas page.

TRAFFIC SAFETY AND ROAD CONDITIONS: While in a foreign country, U.S. citizens may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States.

Valid U.S. or international driver’s permits are accepted in Belize for a period of three months after entry.

Buses and private vehicles are the main mode of transportation in Belize; no railways currently operate in the country. Driving is on the right side of the road and road signs are in English with distances demoninated in miles rather than kilometers.

Roadside assistance can be difficult to summon as there are very few public telephones along the road and emergency telephone numbers do not always function properly. While cell phone service is fairly reliable, reception in remote areas is spotty or non-existant. The Belizean Department of Transportation is responsible for road safety.

Roads in Belize vary from two-lane paved roads to dirt or gravel tracks. The few paved roads are high-crowned, which can contribute to cars overturning. There are few markings or reflectors. Even in urban areas, most streets lack lane markings, leading many motorists to create as many lanes as possible in any given stretch of street or road. Bridges on the major highways are often of only a single lane. The Manatee Road, leading from the Western Highway east of Belmopan to Dangriga, is mostly unpaved, easily flooded after storms and without services. The Southern Highway from Dangriga to Punta Gorda is now complete and in good condition. Service stations are available along the major roads although there are some significant gaps in the rural areas.

During Tropical Storm Alma/Arthur in lat May 2008, the Southern Highway bridge over the Sittee River, northe of Kendall (Stann Creek District), was destroyed. In the interim, a temporary causeway has been constructed pending permanent replacement of the Kendall bridge. At times the causeway may be impassable due to high water on the Sittee River. The causeway itself has had to be replaced several times following major rainfall and flooding. Motorists should not attempt to cross any low bridge with water flowing over it as both the strength and depth of the current may be stronger than is apparent.

Poor road and/or vehicle maintenance cause many fatal accidents on Belize’s roads. Speed limits are a maximum of 55 miles per hour on highways and 25 miles per hour on most other roads, but they are seldom obeyed or even posted. Drivers should particularly watch for speed bumps and rumble strips as they pass through villages on the major highways; these usually denote pedestrian crossings and are sometimes marked by signage or reflective yellow paint.

Many vehicles on the road do not have functioning safety equipment such as turn signals, flashers, or brake lights. Seatbelts for drivers and front-seat passengers are mandatory, but children’s car seats are not required and are not widely available for purchase.

Driving while intoxicated is punishable by a fine; if an alcohol-related accident results in a fatality, the driver may face manslaughter charges. Americans can and have been imprisoned in Belize as a result of road accidents, even where alchohol is not a factor.

Unusual local traffic customs include: pulling to the right before making a left turn; passing on the right of someone who is signaling a right-hand turn; stopping in the middle of the road to talk to someone while blocking traffic, carrying passengers, including small children, in the open beds of trucks; and tailgating at high speeds.

Bicycles are numerous and constitute a traffic hazard at all times. Bicyclists often ride against traffic and do not obey even basic traffic laws such as stopping at red lights or stop signs. Although commonly encountered after nightfall, few bicycles have lights or reflectors. It is common to see bicyclists carrying heavy loads or passengers, including balancing small children in their laps or across the handlebars.

During daylight hours, particularly during weekends, highway drivers may encounter cross-country racing bicyclists, engaged in either training or in organized competitions. These may be accompanied by slow-moving vehicles such as pickup trucks or even motor cycles. Exercise caution when passing such persons as their attention may be on each other rather than passing motorists.

The driver of a vehicle that strikes a bicyclist or pedestrian is almost always considered to be at fault, regardless of circumstances. Americans who have struck bicyclists in Belize have faced significant financial penalties or even prison sentences.

Driving at night is not recommended even in populated areas. Poor signage and road markings, a tendancy by drivers to not dim their lights when approaching other vehicles, drunk driving, and poor or unfamiliar road conditions present considerable hazards. Pedestrians, motorcyclists, and bicyclists without lights, reflectors, or reflective clothing also constitute very serious after-dark hazards. Local wildlife and cattle are also road hazards even outside of rural areas. For safety reasons, travelers should not stop to offer assistance to others whose vehicles have apparently broken down.

Please refer to our Road Safety page for more information. Also, we suggest that you visit the website of the country’s national tourist office and national authority responsible for road safety.

AVIATION SAFETY OVERSIGHT: The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the Government of Belize’s Civil Aviation Authority as not being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards for oversight of Belize’s air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page.

There is no direct commercial air service to the United States by air carriers registered in Belize.

CHILDREN'S ISSUES: Please see our Office of Children’s Issues web pages on intercountry adoption and international parental child abduction.

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This replaces the Country Specific Information for Belize dated November 2008, with updates to all sections.

Belgium

COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: Belgium is a highly developed and stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available.  Read the Department of State’s Background Notes on Belgium for additional information.

REGISTRATION / EMBASSY LOCATION: If you are going to live in or visit Belgium, please take the time to tell the U.S. Embassy in Brussels about your trip.  If you check in, we can keep you up to date with important safety and security announcements. It will also help your friends and family get in touch with you in an emergency.  Here’s the link to the Department of State’s travel registration page.

Local embassy information is available below and at the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates.

U.S. Embassy Brussels, Belgium
27 Boulevard du Régent (the Consular Section is at 25 Boulevard du Régent)
B-1000 Brussels
Telephone: 011-32-2-811-4000 (available 24/7)
Consular Section Fax: 011-32-2-811-4546

ENTRY / EXIT REQUIREMENTS: Visit the Embassy of Belgium website for the most current visa information.  If you need additional information about entry requirements, including visas for employment or study in Belgium, you can contact the Embassy of Belgium at 3330 Garfield Street NW, Washington, DC 20008, telephone (202) 333-6900, fax (202) 338-4960; or one of the Belgian Consulates General in Atlanta, Los Angeles, or New York.  Detailed contact information can be found on the Embassy of Belgium website.

Belgium is a party to the Schengen Agreement. This means that U.S. citizens may enter Belgium for up to 90 days for tourist or business purposes without a visa.  Your  passport should be valid for at least three months beyond the period of stay.  You need sufficient funds and a return airline ticket. For additional details about travel into and within Schengen countries, please see our Schengen fact sheet.

The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of Belgium.

Information about dual nationality or the prevention of international child abduction can be found on our website.  For further information about customs regulations, please read our Customs Information page.

SAFETY AND SECURITY: Belgium has been largely free of terrorist incidents.  Belgian law enforcement and security officials, in close cooperation with neighboring countries, maintain a solid anti-terrorism effort and a peaceful environment for tourism and business.  Since Belgium belongs to the Schengen Agreement on free cross-border movement, its open borders might allow the possibility for terrorist groups to enter/exit the country with anonymity.

Prior police approval is required for all public demonstrations in Belgium, and police oversight is routinely provided to ensure adequate security for participants and passers-by; nonetheless, spontaneous demonstrations do take place in Belgium from time to time in response to world events or local developments.  Even demonstrations that are meant to be peaceful can become violent and unpredictable; you should avoid them if at all possible. Be alert and aware of your surroundings, and pay attention to what the local news media have to say. In general, larger public demonstrations are announced on the Demonstration Notices page within the U.S. Embassy Brussels website.

Stay up to date by bookmarking our Bureau of Consular Affairs website, which contains the current Travel Warnings and Travel Alerts, as well as the Worldwide Caution.

You can also call 1-888-407-4747 toll-free within the U.S. and Canada, or call a regular toll line, 1-202-501-4444, from other countries.  These numbers are available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).

Take appropriate measures to improve your personal security.  Here are some useful tips for traveling safely abroad.

CRIME: Belgium remains relatively free of violent crime, but low-level street crime is common.  You should always be watchful and aware of their surroundings.  Muggings, purse snatchings, and pocket picking occur frequently, particularly in the major cities.  Thieves often loiter in transportation hubs like the Metro (subway) and train stations to take advantage of disoriented travelers.  In Brussels, pocket picking, purse snatching, and theft of light luggage and laptops are common at the three major train stations -- the North Station (Noordstation or Gare du Nord), the Central Station (Centraal Station or Gare Central), and especially the South Station (Zuidstation or Gare du Midi, the primary international train hub).  We advise you to pay particularly close attention to your personal belongings when in Metro and train stations. One ploy that thieves employ is to distract you by spraying shaving cream or another substance on you.  Another trick is for the thief to ask you for directions while an accomplice steals your luggage.  It is a good idea to hold onto your  hand luggage at all times, and not to place carry-on luggage on overhead racks in trains.

Another growing problem, especially in Brussels, is theft from vehicles, both moving and parked.  Do not leave valuables in plain sight where a thief may spot them.  Thieves will sometimes position themselves at traffic lights to scan for valuables in stopped cars.  If they see a purse or other valuable item, they break the window and steal the item before you have time to react.  Expensive car stereos and GPS navigational devices left in plain sight are often stolen from parked cars.  Always drive with your windows up and doors locked.   During the last year there have been a number of parked cars destroyed by home-made incendiary devices.  Whenever possible, park your car in secure areas or parking garages.    

You should be aware that small groups of young men sometimes prey on unwary tourists, usually at night and often in metro stations in Brussels.  These thieves typically seek small, high-value items such as mobile phones and MP3 players. You should carry only a minimum amount of cash, credit cards, and necessary personal identification (see Special Circumstances, below, for acceptable forms of identification).  We advise U.S. citizens to avoid wearing expensive jewelry and watches.

Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, even if they are widely available.  Not only are the bootlegs illegal to bring back into the United States, you may be breaking local law too. 

INFORMATION FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME: If you or someone you know becomes the victim of a crime abroad, you should contact the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate (see the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates).   If your passport is stolen, we can help you replace it.  For violent crimes such as assault and rape, we can help you find appropriate medical care, contact family members or friends, and help them send you money if necessary.  Although the investigation and prosecution of the crime are solely the responsibility of local authorities, consular officers can help you understand the local criminal justice process and find an attorney if needed.

The Belgian “Commission for financial assistance to victims of intentional acts of violence” provides financial compensation, under specific circumstances, for victims of crime and for those who have suffered injuries and consequent loss caused by such incidents.  The fund also provides for dependents or immediate family members of homicide victims.  For more information, contact the Commission by phone at +32 2 542-7208; + 32 2 542-7218; + 32 2 542-7224; + 32 2 542-7229, or +32 2 542-7244; by e-mail at Diese E-Mail-Adresse ist gegen Spambots geschützt! JavaScript muss aktiviert werden, damit sie angezeigt werden kann. or Diese E-Mail-Adresse ist gegen Spambots geschützt! JavaScript muss aktiviert werden, damit sie angezeigt werden kann. ; or visit the Ministry website (French, Dutch and German only).

The local equivalent to the “911” emergency line in Belgium is 101 for emergencies requiring police assistance.  For all other emergencies, please dial 112.

Please see our information on victims of crime, including possible victim compensation programs in the United States.

CRIMINAL PENALTIES: While you are traveling in another country, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen.  Foreign laws and legal systems can be vastly different from our own.   In some places, you may be taken in for questioning if you don’t have your passport with you.  In some places, it is illegal to take pictures of certain buildings.  In some places, driving under the influence could land you immediately in jail.   These criminal penalties will vary from country to country.  There are also some things that might be legal in the country you visit, but  illegal in the United States while you are overseas, U.S. laws don’t apply; however, you can be prosecuted under U.S. law if you buy pirated goods or engage in child pornography.  If you do something illegal in your host country, your U.S. passport won’t help you avoid arrest or prosecution.  It’s very important to know what is legal and what is not where you are going. 

Persons violating Belgian laws, even unknowingly, may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned.  Penalties for possessing, using, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Belgium are severe, and convicted offenders can expect long jail sentences and heavy fines.

SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: Belgian law requires that everyone carry official identification at all times.  This ID must be displayed upon request to any Belgian police official. U.S. citizens who are not residents of Belgium will need to present a U.S. passport.

While most monetary transactions are available (cash, credit cards), U.S. money orders cannot be negotiated in Belgium.  Personal checks may only be cleared through a bank at which a person holds an account, and clearance can take two to four weeks.  Banks and exchange facilities may refuse U.S. dollar denominations of $50 and $100 if they are not equipped with devices to identify counterfeit currency. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) are widespread in Belgium and accept most U.S. ATM cards for fund withdrawals.  If you want to to purchase Euros, you are likely to find a more favorable exchange rate at banks than at money exchange facilities located at tourist locations, train stations, and airports.

Non-EU citizens visiting Belgium and staying in a private residence must register with local Commune authorities within three days of their arrival.  U.S. citizen travelers must request any change in visa or resident status through Commune authorities.  They must complete any such request prior to the expiration of the current status.  You should note that given the substantial requirements to change status, it is nearly impossible to do so within the 90 days permitted to remain in Belgium without a visa under the Visa Waiver Program.

Business visitor and employee registration requirement
Since April 1, 2007, non-Belgian employers and self-employed persons or their employees who carry out short-term assignments in Belgium must declare these activities in advance.

This mandatory "Limosa" declaration applies to: (1) Employees and apprentices who come to Belgium to execute certain temporary work and who, because of the nature of their short term assignment, are not subject to the Belgian social security system; (2) Self-employed individuals and self-employed apprentices who come to work in Belgium temporarily, irrespective of whether they are subject to the Belgian social security system.

Some exceptions to this general obligation exist.  Certain persons may be exempted, especially for short-term assignments.  For more information, please see the Limosa website. For more information about working in Belgium, please visit the web site of the Belgian Federal Public Service Employment, Labour and Social Dialogue.

MEDICAL FACILITIES AND HEALTH INFORMATION: High-quality medical facilities are widely available in Belgium.  The large university hospitals can handle almost every medical problem.  Hospitals in Brussels and Flemish-speaking Flanders typically have English-speaking staff.  Hospitals in French-speaking Wallonia, however, may not necessarily have staff members who are fluent in English.  The Embassy's Consular Section maintains a list of English-speaking doctors.

Helpful information on vaccinations and other health precautions can be found via the CDC website.  For information about outbreaks of infectious diseases abroad, consult the World Health Organization (WHO) website.  The WHO website also contains additional health information for travelers, including detailed country-specific health information.

MEDICAL INSURANCE: You can’t assume your insurance will go with you when you travel.  It’s very important to find out BEFORE you leave.  You need to ask your insurance company two questions:

• Does my policy apply when I’m out of the U.S.?
• Will it cover emergencies like a trip to a foreign hospital or an evacuation?

In many places, doctors and hospitals still expect payment in cash at the time of service.  Your regular U.S. health insurance may not cover doctors’ and hospital visits in other countries.  If your policy doesn’t go with you when you travel, it’s a very good idea to take out another one for your trip.  For more information, please see our medical insurance overseas page.

TRAFFIC SAFETY AND ROAD CONDITIONS: While in a foreign country, U.S. citizens may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States.

Belgium’s road network is generally well built and maintained, but you may occasionally encounter potholes, even on principal roads.  Major highways are well lit at night, but rural roads are less likely to be illuminated at night.   Belgian rules for right-of-way differ from those in the U.S., and new drivers should thoroughly understand these rules before driving in Belgium.  For instance, traffic coming from the right generally has priority at uncontrolled intersections and roundabouts, even if coming from a smaller street.  The maximum speed limit on Belgian highways is 120 kilometers (72 miles) per hour, but is not always posted.  The maximum speed in urban areas is normally 50 km (30 miles) per hour.  While Belgian authorities strictly enforce speed limits, many Belgians still drive significantly faster than the posted limit. Claims of ignorance may not prevent a significant fine for speeding, which can also lead to the vehicle being impounded if the driver is unable to pay the fine on the spot.  Belgian police also conduct breath analysis checks for alcohol use, particularly at night and during major holidays. The legal limit for operating a motor vehicle is .05 percent (or 0.5 per mille) blood alcohol content.

Roadside assistance and information on road conditions are available in English from Touring Mobilis, tel: 02 286-3040.  Belgian police will also provide information on road conditions, tel: 02-642-6666. Emergency services are efficient and responsive.  For police emergencies, dial 101 by phone within Belgium.  For all other emergencies, dial 112.

For more information, please refer to our Road Safety page and the official website of the Belgian Tourism Office.

AVIATION SAFETY OVERSIGHT: The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the government of Belgium’s Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards for oversight of Belgium’s air carrier operations.  Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page.

CHILDREN'S ISSUES: Please see our Office of Children’s Issues web pages on intercountry adoption and international parental child abduction.

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This replaces the Country Specific Information for Belgium dated December 2, 2009, to update all sections.   

Kyrgyz Republic

COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: The Kyrgyz Republic is a mountainous country of five million people. In April 2010, a provisional government emerged in the wake of a popular uprising. Inter-ethnic violence killed hundreds and wounded thousands in June 2010. The referendum on the new constitution passed on June 27 and parliamentary elections will follow in the fall of 2010. The upcoming Parliamentary and Presidential elections present the possibility of further unrest, and ethnic tensions can flare up unexpectedly.

The tourist industry is not highly developed. Air and land travel internally and to neighboring countries can be subject to delays due to infrastructure shortcomings and winter weather. Rural and urban areas have been subject to power, natural gas, and water outages, leaving many homes without running water, heat, or electricity at times. Read the Department of State’s Background Notes on the Kyrgyz Republic for additional information.

REGISTRATION / EMBASSY LOCATION: If you are going to live in or visit the Kyrgyz Republic, please take the time to tell our Embassy about your trip. If you check in, we can keep you up-to-date with important safety and security announcements. It will also help your friends and family get in touch with you in an emergency. Here's the link to the Department of State’s travel registration page.

Local embassy information is available below and at the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates.

Embassy of the United States of America in the Kyrgyz Republic
171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016
Kyrgyz Republic
Telephone: (996-312) 551-241
Facsimile: (996-312) 551-264

ENTRY / EXIT REQUIREMENTS: A passport and a visa are required. U.S. citizens can obtain a one-month single-entry, non-extendable tourist visa upon arrival at the Manas International Airport outside Bishkek for a fee of $80 without invitation or sponsorship. If purchasing a visa at the airport, at least one blank passport page is required. All foreigners present in the Kyrgyz Republic for more than 60 days must register at the local police office. Failure to do so may cause difficulties when exiting the country. Individuals traveling to the Kyrgyz Republic to perform religious work or work in affiliation with any religious organization in any capacity are required by Kyrgyz law to declare so on their visa applications. Individuals engaging in any type of missionary activity must obtain a work visa and register with the Office of Religious Affairs after arrival. It is illegal to engage in religious activity on a tourist visa. Travelers should apply for the correct category of visa for their purpose of travel. Travelers cannot obtain tourist visas at land borders or regional airports. The Embassy recommends that U.S. citizens traveling in the Kyrgyz Republic also obtain Kazakh visas, as commercial air travel out of the Kyrgyz Republic is limited and U.S. citizens may need to travel through Kazakhstan to return to the United States. Travelers intending to transit through Russia en route to a third country must have a Russian transit visa. Even travelers who are simply changing planes in Moscow or another international airport in Russia for an onward destination will be asked to present a transit visa issued by a Russian Embassy or Consulate. Russian authorities may refuse entry to travelers who do not have visas. For further information regarding entry/exit requirements, contact the Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic at 2630 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008, telephone:(202) 338-5141, fax:(202) 742 6501.

Some HIV/AIDS entry restrictions exist for visitors and foreign residents in the Kyrgyz Republic. The law states that visitors staying more than one month must present evidence that they are HIV negative. This restriction has not been actively enforced, but enforcement could begin without notice. Please verify the status of this requirement with the Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic before you travel.

Information about dual nationality and prevention of international child abduction can be found on our website. For further information about customs regulations, please read our Customs Information page.

Visit the Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic website for the most current visa information.

SAFETY AND SECURITY: The security situation throughout the country has been unstable since the April violence in Bishkek and Talas that led to the overthrow of President Bakiyev and the creation of a Provisional Government. The anti-government demonstrations resulted in over 80 fatalities. In mid-June, inter-ethnic violence erupted in the southern cities of Osh and Jalalabad. Hundreds of people died, thousands suffered injuries, 400,000 people were displaced, and many residences and businesses were burned. Local law enforcement seemed slow to respond and some accused the military of complicity in the violence.

The Department of State urges U.S. citizens to avoid travel to Batken, Osh, and Jalalabad Oblasts where violence has broken out several times in recent years. The travel of U.S. Government employees to the area is currently restricted. Land mines in Batken Oblast and near the Kyrgyz-Tajik border continue to be a concern.

Supporters of extremist groups such as the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), the Islamic Jihad Union (IJU), al-Qaeda, and the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement remain active in Central Asia. These groups have expressed anti-U.S. sentiments and may attempt to target U.S. Government or private interests in the region, including in the Kyrgyz Republic. In June 2009, Kyrgyz government forces raided safehouses of suspected Islamic Jihad Union - affiliated terrorist cells in Jalalabad and Osh regions. One government soldier was killed along with at least eight militants in these incidents. Last spring several gunfire exchanges occurred across the Kyrgyz-Uzbek border which were believed to involve Islamic militants.

There are reports of attempted and actual “bride-kidnappings” in some areas of Kyrgyzstan. While foreigners are not usually targeted, a U.S. citizen female was held against her will for several days in one reported incident in 2007.

The political situation remains unstable, and demonstrations can break out without advance notice. During times of political unrest, demonstrators often gather in front of the Presidential Administration building (White House), the Parliament and on Alatoo Square in Bishkek’s city center. The Embassy does not always have advance information regarding demonstrations. All U.S. citizens are reminded to avoid the vicinity of any protests, because even protests that are intended to be peaceful can turn confrontational and possibly escalate into violence.

Stay up-to-date by bookmarking our Bureau of Consular Affairs' website, which contains current Travel Warnings and Travel Alerts as well as the Worldwide Caution.

You can also call 1-888-407-4747 toll-free within the United States and Canada, or a regular toll line, 1-202-501-4444, from other countries. These numbers are available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).

There is nobody better at protecting you than yourself. Take some time before travel to improve your personal security – things are not the same everywhere as they are in the United States. Here are some useful tips for traveling safely abroad.

CRIME: The U.S. Embassy advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution in urban areas of the Kyrgyz Republic due to the high rate of violent crime against foreigners. There have been several recent reports of violent muggings of foreigners in downtown Bishkek at night. Other common crimes include auto theft and pick pocketing in crowded places such as markets, Internet cafes, and on public transportation. After dark, travelers should not take public transportation or walk outside and should be extremely cautious in or near hotels, bars, parks, and all places that attract an expatriate clientele. The U.S. Embassy advises its employees to avoid the use of “gypsy” cabs and use only radio dispatched taxis. Travelers arriving at Manas International Airport should arrange their transportation from the airport in advance. Foreign travelers have been the victims of extortion by airport taxi drivers, who appeared in some cases to be colluding with airport personnel to identify their victims. There have been reports of U.S. citizens who were robbed by groups of young men who had followed them back to their residences from hotels and bars. In addition, U.S. citizens have been victims of rape, assault, and kidnapping in the past in the Kyrgyz Republic. Police officers rarely speak English and there are no victims’ assistance programs available. Medical care and counseling services for victims are limited. For security reasons, U.S. Embassy personnel are prohibited from visiting the Fire and Ice Night Club and the Butterfly Nightclub in Bishkek.

Harassment and extortion by people who purport to be Kyrgyz police officers are common. According to Kyrgyz law, any person claiming to be a police officer must show identifying documents on demand. U.S. citizens should not act upon requests by people, whether in civilian dress or in police uniform, if they have no official identification. U.S. citizens also should not get into cars with anyone they do not know, even if the person claims to be a police officer.

Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, even if they are widely available. Not only are the bootlegs illegal in the United States, you may be breaking local law too.

INFORMATION FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME: If you are the victim of a crime abroad, you should contact the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate (see the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates). If your passport is stolen we can help you replace it. For violent crimes such as assault and rape we can, for example, help you find appropriate medical care, contact family members or friends, and help you receive money from them if you need it. Although the investigation and prosecution of the crime are solely the responsibility of local authorities, consular officers can help you to understand the local criminal justice process and to find an attorney if needed.

The local equivalent to the “911” emergency line in the Kyrgyz Republic is 101 in case of fire, 102 for police, and 103 for emergency ambulance service.

Please see our information on victims of crime, including possible victim compensation programs in the United States.

CRIMINAL PENALTIES: While you are traveling in another country, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen. Foreign laws and legal systems can be vastly different from our own. In some places you may be taken in for questioning if you don’t have your passport with you. In some places it is illegal to take pictures of certain buildings. In some places driving under the influence could land you immediately in jail. These criminal penalties will vary from country to country. There are also some things that might be legal in the country you visit, but still illegal in the United States, and you can be prosecuted under U.S. law if you buy pirated goods or engage in child pornography. While you are overseas, U.S. laws don’t apply. If you do something illegal in your host country, your U.S. passport won't help. It's very important to know what's legal and what's not where you are going.

SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: Kyrgyz customs authorities may enforce strict regulations concerning temporary importation into or export from the Kyrgyz Republic of items such as antiquities or hunting trophies. It is advisable to contact the Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in Washington at 2630 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C., 20008, telephone:(202) 338-5141, fax:(202) 742-6501 for specific information regarding customs requirements.

The Kyrgyz Republic is a mostly cash-based economy, though credit cards can be used at major Western-style stores and some restaurants. ATMs are available, though it is recommended to use only those installed at bank branches or large, reputable hotels. A hotel or bank may, on occasion, accept traveler’s checks, but the fees can be as high as 20 percent.

U.S. citizens are encouraged to carry a copy of their U.S. passport and Kyrgyz visa with them at all times, so that, if questioned by local officials, proof of identity and citizenship are readily available.

In accordance with the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and certain bilateral treaties, a consular officer from the U.S. Embassy must be given access to any U.S. citizen arrested in the Kyrgyz Republic. U.S. citizens who are arrested or detained should ask that the U.S. Embassy be contacted immediately. This is generally recognized, though there can be a sizeable delay in notification times depending on the local authorities’ interpretation of the case’s legal status.

The Kyrgyz Republic is an earthquake-prone country. General information about natural disaster preparedness is available from the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

Hunting and trekking are popular sports for locals and tourists in the Kyrgyz Republic; however, U.S. citizens traveling to the Kyrgyz Republic should know that hunting in the Kyrgyz Republic without proper licenses is illegal. It is illegal to import or own firearms in the Kyrgyz Republic without a permit issued by the Kyrgyz government. Foreign hunters who do not have official permission to hunt or take trophies out of the country may face criminal and/or civil charges. Both hunting and trekking infrastructures are underdeveloped with limited services, especially in the high mountainous regions popular with trekkers and hunters. Avalanches and landslides are common in these mountainous regions, often cutting off villages for weeks at a time. These villages and hunting areas are in isolated, rugged, mountainous areas inaccessible by the limited rescue services available in the Kyrgyz Republic. U.S. citizens traveling to the Kyrgyz Republic to hunt or trek need to be aware of the risks involved. The Embassy recommends that all U.S. citizens register with the Embassy in Bishkek for the duration of their stay in the country.

Please see our Customs Information sheet.

MEDICAL FACILITIES AND HEALTH INFORMATION: Medical services in the Kyrgyz Republic are extremely limited. Elderly travelers and those with existing health problems may be at risk due to inadequate medical facilities. Medications such as insulin and pain medications that are commonly available elsewhere may not be available in the Kyrgyz Republic or may be restricted. The U.S. Embassy strongly recommends that travelers to the Kyrgyz Republic carry medical evacuation insurance in case of emergency. The Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Bishkek maintains a list of local clinics who have agreed to provide medical care to U.S. citizens.

Good information on vaccinations and other health precautions can be found on the CDC website. For information about outbreaks of infectious diseases abroad, consult the World Health Organization (WHO) website. The WHO website also contains additional health information for travelers, including detailed country-specific health information.

Tuberculosis is an increasingly serioushealth concern in the Kyrgyz Republic. For further information, please consultthe CDC's information on TB.

MEDICAL INSURANCE: You can't assume your insurance will go with you when you travel. It's very important to find out BEFORE you leave. You need to ask your insurance company two questions:

• Does my policy apply when I'm out of the U.S.?
• Will it cover emergencies like a trip to a foreign hospital or an evacuation?

In many places, doctors and hospitals still expect payment in cash at the time of service. Your regular U.S. health insurance may not cover doctors' and hospital visits in other countries. If your policy doesn't go with you when you travel, it's a very good idea to take out another one for your trip. For more information, please see our medical insurance overseas page.

TRAFFIC SAFETY AND ROAD CONDITIONS: While in a foreign country, U.S. citizens may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States. Most of the Kyrgyz Republic’s road infrastructure consists of two-lane roads, many of which have fallen into disrepair and are poorly marked and lit. Many local drivers disobey fundamental traffic laws by not stopping at red lights, driving while intoxicated, or passing vehicles when it is dangerous or prohibited to do so. Accidents involving severe injury and/or death are not uncommon. In the event of an accident where there is injury, emergency medical assistance may be very slow to respond. Even if medical assistance does arrive in a timely manner, treatment and facilities available at local clinics may not meet U.S. standards.

Drivers must exercise particular caution to avoid uneven pavement, potholes, open drains, and uncovered manholes. Night driving should be avoided, as roads are inadequately lit. In winter, roads are seldom plowed and ice and snow make the poor driving conditions even more hazardous. Pedestrians routinely walk in the road, often wearing dark clothes at night. Mountain roads in the Kyrgyz Republic are often narrow and treacherous, and may close without notice due to snow, ice, or rockslides. Guardrails and barriers preventing falling rocks are often missing. The Kyrgyz Republic does not have a roadside assistance infrastructure. Towing companies do not exist. Although mechanics are available in cities there is little organized oversight or certification of their practices or abilities. Rest areas are infrequent and basic. Service stations are generally available in and near cities, but the fuel they provide may be adulterated or of poor quality.

The road between Almaty, Kazakhstan, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, is especially unsafe at night or during poor weather. U.S. Embassy personnel are restricted from driving this route after dark.

The legal blood alcohol level for driving in the Kyrgyz Republic is zero. Generally, speed limits are 60 km per hour in the cities and 90 km per hour in rural areas. Kyrgyz law mandates that all automobile passengers wear seat belts and that motorcycle riders wear helmets. International driving permits are recognized in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Drivers may face harassment by traffic police, who have been known to demand payment of arbitrary "fines" for purported infractions. According to Kyrgyz law, payment of traffic fines must be made at local banks rather than directly to the traffic police.

Public transportation in the Kyrgyz Republic is limited to buses, taxis, and very few intercity trains. Travelers should be particularly careful when using public transportation. Buses tend to be very crowded and can be unsafe and unreliable. Taxis too can be dangerous. Due to the danger of theft or assault, travelers should avoid entering a cab that already contains passengers. Taxis are seldom metered, and travelers should negotiate a fare prior to entering a cab and be aware that cab drivers often try to charge foreigners a high fare. Drivers of vehicles that are not taxis are often willing to drive people for fares. However, U.S. citizens should avoid using any of these "private taxis" and unmarked taxis.

Please refer to our Road Safety page for more information.

AVIATION SAFETY OVERSIGHT: As there is no direct commercial air service to the United States by carriers registered in the Kyrgyz Republic, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed the government of the Kyrgyz Republic’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards. Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page.

CHILDREN'S ISSUES: Please see our Office of Children’s Issues web pages on intercountry adoption and international parental child abduction.

* * *

This replaces the Country Specific Information for the Kyrgyz Republic dated November 4, 2009, to update sections on Country Description, Threats to Safety and Security, Crime, and Special Circumstances.

Italy, Holy See (Vatican City) and San Marino

COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: Italy is a developed democracy with a modern economy. The Holy See is a sovereign entity that serves as the ecclesiastical, governmental and administrative capital of the Roman Catholic Church, physically located within the State of the Vatican City inside Rome, with a unique, non-traditional economy. San Marino is a developed, constitutional democratic republic, also independent of Italy, with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Read the Department of State Background Notes on Italy, the Holy See, and San Marino for additional information.

REGISTRATION / EMBASSY LOCATION: If you are going to live in or visit Italy, please take the time to tell our Embassy or the nearest Consulate about your trip. If you check in, we can keep you up to date with important safety and security announcements. It will also help your friends and family get in touch with you in an emergency. Here’s the link to the Department of State’s travel registration page.

Local embassy information is available below and at the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates.

The U.S. Embassy Rome
Via V. Veneto 119/A, Rome, Italy
Telephone: 39-06-46741
Facsimile: 39-06-4674-2217

The U.S. Consulate General Florence
Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci 38, Florence, Italy
Telephone: 39-055-266-951
Facsimile: 399-055-215-550

The U.S. Consulate General Milan
Via Principe Amedeo 2/10, Milan, Italy
Telephone: 39-02-290-351
Facsimile: 39-02-290-35-273

The U.S. Consulate General Naples
Piazza della Repubblica, Naples, Italy
Telephone: 39-081-583-8111
Facsimile: 39-081-583-8275

There are U.S. Consular Agents located in the following Italian cities:

Genoa
Via Dante 2, Genoa, Italy
Telephone: 39-010-584-492
Facsimile: 39-010-553-3033

Palermo
Via Vaccarini 1. Palermo, Italy
Telephone: 39-091-305-857
Facsimile: 39-091-625-6026

Venice
Viale Galileo Galilei 30, Venice, Italy
Telephone: 39-041-541-5944
Facsimile: 39-041-541-6654

ENTRY / EXIT REQUIREMENTS Italy is a party to the Schengen agreement. As such, U.S. citizens may enter Italy for up to 90 days for tourist or business purposes without a visa. The passport should be valid for at least three months beyond the period of stay. For further details about travel into and within Schengen countries, please see our Schengen Fact sheet.

For all other purposes, you need a visa and you must get one from the Italian Embassy or Consulates before entering Italy. For further information concerning visas and entry requirements for Italy, you may contact the Embassy of Italy at 3000 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008, or via telephone at (202) 612-4400; or Italian Consulates General in Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, or San Francisco, accessible through the Italian Embassy website.

Are you a non-resident? Americans staying or traveling within Italy for less than three (3) months are considered non-residents. This includes persons on vacation, those taking professional trips, students registered at an authorized school, or persons performing research or independent study.

Under Italian law, all non-residents are required to complete a dichiarazione di presenza (declaration of presence). Tourists arriving from a non-Schengen-country (e.g. the United States) should obtain a stamp in their passport at the airport on the day of arrival. This stamp is considered the equivalent of the declaration of presence. Tourists arriving from a Schengen-country (e.g. France) must request the declaration of presence form from a local police office (commissariato di zona), police headquarters (questura) or their place of stay (e.g hotel, hostel, campgrounds) and submit the form to the police or to their place of stay within eight business days of arrival. It is important that applicants keep a copy of the receipt issued by the Italian authorities. Failure to complete a declaration of presence is punishable by expulsion from Italy. Additional information may be obtained (in Italian only) from the Portale Immigrazione and the Polizia di Stato.

Are you a resident? Americans staying in Italy for more than three (3) months are considered residents and must obtain a permesso di soggiorno (permit of stay). This includes Americans who will work or transact business and persons who want to simply live in Italy. An application "kit" for the permesso di soggiorno may be requested from one of 14,000 national post offices (Poste Italiane). The kit must then be returned to one of 5,332 designated Post Office acceptance locations. It is important that applicants keep a copy of the receipt issued by the post office. Additional information may be obtained from the Italian immigration website. Within 20 days of receiving the permit to stay in Italy, Americans must go to the local Vital Statistics Bureau (Anagrafe of the Comune) to apply for residency. It generally takes one to two months to receive the certificate of residence (Certificato di Residenza).

The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of Italy.

Information about dual nationality or the prevention of international child abduction can be found on our website. For further information about customs regulations, please read our Customs Information sheet.

SAFETY AND SECURITY: Several major earthquake fault lines cross Italy. Principal Italian cities, with the exception of Naples, do not lie near these faults; however, smaller tourist towns, such as Assisi, do lie near faults, and have experienced earthquakes. An earthquake severely damaged the town of L’Aquila in 2009. General information about disaster preparedness is available online from the U.S. Federal Management Agency (FEMA). Detailed information on Italy's earthquake fault lines is available from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Italy also has several active volcanoes generating geothermal events. Mt. Etna, on the eastern tip of the island of Sicily, has been erupting intermittently since 2000. Mt. Vesuvius, located near Naples, is currently capped and not active. Activity at Mt. Vesuvius is monitored by an active seismic network and sensor system, and no recent seismic activity has been recorded. Two of Italy's smaller islands, Stromboli and Vulcano, in the Aeolian Island chain north of Sicily, also have active volcanoes with lava flows. Detailed information on volcano activity in Italy is available from the USGS.

Politically motivated violence in Italy is most often connected to Italian internal developments or social issues. Italian authorities have found bombs outside public buildings, received bomb threats, and were subjects of letter bombs. Buildings or offices are sometimes the targets of firebombs or Molotov cocktails at night. They are instigated by organized crime or anarchist movements. Americans were not targeted or injured in these instances.

Demonstrations may have an anti-American character. Even demonstrations intended to be peaceful have the potential to turn confrontational and possibly escalate into violence. You should take common sense precautions and follow news reports carefully. Stay up to date by reading the Embassy’s Demonstration Notices.

Italy remains largely free of terrorist incidents; however, like other countries in the Schengen area, Italy’s open borders with its Western European neighbors allow the possibility of terrorist groups entering/exiting the country with anonymity.

Stay up to date by bookmarking our Bureau of Consular Affairs' website, which contains current Travel Warnings and Travel Alerts as well as the Worldwide Caution.

You can also call 1-888-407-4747 toll-free within the U.S. and Canada, or by calling a regular toll line, 1-202-501-4444 from other countries. These numbers are available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).

You should always try to ensure your safety when traveling overseas. Take some time before travel to improve your personal security—things are not the same everywhere as they are in the United States. Here are some useful tips for traveling safely abroad.

CRIME: Italy has a moderate rate of crime. You should exercise extra caution at night and at train stations, airports, nightclubs, bars and outdoor cafes. If you are drinking heavily, your ability to judge situations and make decisions may be impaired and this can make you a target for crime. Young drinkers are particularly vulnerable to robbery and physical and sexual assault.

Petty crimes such as pick-pocketing, theft from parked cars, and purse snatching are serious problems, especially in large cities. Pick-pockets sometimes dress like businessmen. You should not be lulled into a false sense of security by believing that well-dressed individuals are not potential pick-pockets or thieves. Most reported thefts occur at crowded tourist sites, on public buses or trains, or at the major railway stations: Rome's Termini; Milan's Centrale; Florence's Santa Maria Novella; and Naples' Centrale and Piazza Garibaldi. You should also be alert to theft in Milan’s Malpensa Airport, particularly at car rental agencies. Clients of Internet cafes in major cities are also targeted. Be careful with your bag or purse, as thieves on motor scooters are very quick and can snatch a purse off of your arm from a moving scooter. Resisting these thieves can be hazardous, as some tourists have suffered broken arms and collarbones.

Thieves in Italy often work in groups or pairs. Pairs of accomplices or groups of children are known to divert tourists' attention so that another can pick-pocket them. In one particular routine, one thief throws trash, waste or ketchup at the victim; a second thief assists the victim in cleaning up the mess; and the third discreetly takes the victim's belongings. Criminals on crowded public transportation slit the bottoms of purses or bags with a razor blade or sharp knife removing the contents.

Some travelers in Rome, Florence and Naples have reported incidents where criminals used drugs to assault or rob them. These incidents have been reported near Rome’s Termini train station, at bars and cafes near Rome’s Campo de Fiori and Piazza Navona, and at bars or cafes in the center of Florence and Naples. Criminals using this tactic “befriend” you at a train station, restaurant, café, or bar, and then offer you a drink which is laced with a sleeping drug. When you fall asleep, criminals steal your valuables and may sexually assault you.

Thieves are also known to have impersonated police officers in order to steal. The thief shows you a circular plastic sign with the words "police" or “international police" and then in perfect English asks to see your identification and your money. If this happens to you, you should insist on seeing the officer's identification card (documento), before handing over your wallet as impersonators tend not to carry forged documents. You should immediately report thefts or other crimes to the actual police.

Be alert to the possibility of carjackings and thefts while you are waiting in traffic or stopped at traffic lights. This has been a particular problem in Catania, Sicily. Use particular caution driving at night on highways, when thieves are more likely to strike.there may be a greater incidence of robbery attempts. Americans have reported break-ins of their rental carsduring stops at highway service areas; thieves smash car windows and steal everything inside. Theft of small items such as radios, luggage, cameras, briefcases, and even cigarettes from parked cars is prevalent. Vehicles parked near beaches during the summer can be broken into and robbed of valuables. Lock car doors whenever you park, and do not leave packages in your car in plain view.

The U.S. Secret Service in Rome is assisting Italian Law Enforcement authorities in investigating an increase in the appearance of ATM skimming devices. These devices are attached to legitimate bank ATMs, usually located in tourist areas, and capture the account information stored electronically on the card’s magnetic strip. The devices consist of a card reader installed over the legitimate reader and a pin-hole video camera mounted above the keypad that records the customer’s PIN. ATMs with skimming devices installed may also allow normal transactions to occur. The victim’s information is sold, traded on-line, or encoded on another card such as a hotel key card to access the compromised account. Here are some helpful hints to protect against and identify skimming devices:

1. Use ATMs located in well-lighted public areas, or secured inside the bank/business
2. Cover the keypad with one hand as you enter your PIN
3. Look for gaps, tampered appearance, or other irregularities between the metal faceplate of the ATM and the card reader
4. Avoid card readers that are not flush with the face of the ATM
5. Closely monitor your account statements for unauthorized transactions

Organized criminal groups operate throughout Italy, but are more prevalent in the south. They occasionally resort to violence to intimidate or to settle disputes. Though the activities of such groups are not generally targeted at tourists, visitors should be aware that innocent bystanders could be injured.

In many countries around the world, counterfeit and pirated goods are widely available. Transactions involving such products may be illegal under local law. In addition, bringing them back to the United States may result in forfeitures and/or fines. The Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Division in the U.S. Department of Justice has more information on this serious problem.

According to Italian Law (Law 80 of May 14, 2005), anyone caught buying counterfeit goods (for example, DVDs, CDs, watches, purses, bags, belts, sunglasses, etc.) is subject to a fine of no less than EUR 1,000. Police in major Italian cities enforce this law to varying degrees. You are advised to purchase products only from stores and other licensed retailers to avoid unknowingly buying counterfeit and illegal merchandise.

INFORMATION FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME: If you or someone you know is the victim of a crime abroad, you should contact the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate (see end of this sheet or see the Department of State list of embassies and consulates). If your passport is stolen, we can help you replace it. For violent crimes such as assault and rape, we can, for example, help you find appropriate medical care, contact family members or friends and help you get money from them if you need it. Although the investigation and prosecution of the crime is solely the responsibility of local authorities, consular officers can help you to understand the local criminal justice process and to find an attorney if needed.

The local equivalent to the “911” emergency line in Italy is: 113.

Please see our information on victims of crime, including possible victim compensation programs in the United States. Please see also information regarding assistance for victims of crime in Italy.

CRIMINAL PENALTIES: While you are traveling in another country, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen. Foreign laws and legal systems can be vastly different than our own. These criminal penalties will vary from country to country. There are also some things that might be legal in the country you visit, but still illegal in the United States, and you can be prosecuted under U.S. law if you buy pirated goods or engage in child pornography. While you are overseas, U.S. laws don’t apply. If you do something illegal in your host country, your U.S. passport won’t help you avoid arrest or prosecution. It’s very important to what’s legal and what’s not where you are going. Persons violating Italian laws, even unknowingly, may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Penalties for possessing, using, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Italy are severe, and convicted offenders can expect long jail sentences and heavy fines.

SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: Strikes and other work stoppages occur frequently in the transportation sector (national airlines, airports, trains, and bus lines); most are announced in advance and are of short duration. Reconfirmation of domestic and international flight reservations is highly recommended.

U. S citizens using public transportation while in Italy are reminded they must adhere to local transportation laws and regulations. You must purchase train tickets and validate them by punching them in validating machines usually located near the entrance of train tracks prior to boarding. Failure to follow this procedure may result in an on-the-spot fine by an inspector on the train. You must purchase bus tickets prior to boarding and validate them immediately after boarding. Tickets may be purchased at tobacco stores or kiosks. Failure to follow this procedure may result in an immediate fine imposed by an inspector on the bus. If the violator does not pay the fine on the spot, it will automatically double and will be forwarded to the violator’s home address.

U.S. citizens driving in Italy are reminded that they must adhere to the local driving laws and regulations. Vehicle traffic in some historic downtown areas of cities and towns throughout Italy is limited by a system of permits (called “ZTL” and functioning the same way as an electronic toll system in the United States might on the freeway). Cameras record the license plates of cars driving in parts of the city that require a permit. Although most of the automated verification stations are clearly marked, if a driver passes one it is impossible to know at the time that a violation occurred or has been recorded. Violators are not pulled over or stopped, and there is no personal contact with a police officer. Whenever possible, the fines imposed for these violations are forwarded to the driver’s home in the United States to request payment. The fines are cumulative for each time a driver passes a control point. A similar system of automated traffic control cameras is in place in many parts of the highway system and is used to ticket speeding violations.

MEDICAL FACILITIES AND HEALTH INFORMATION: Medical facilities are available, but may be limited outside urban areas. Public hospitals, though generally free of charge for emergency services, sometimes do not maintain the same standards as hospitals in the United States, so you are encouraged to obtain insurance that would cover a stay in a private Italian hospital or clinic. It is almost impossible to obtain an itemized hospital bill from public hospitals, as required by many U.S. insurance companies, because the Italian National Health Service charges one inclusive rate (care services, room and board).

In parts of southern Italy, the lack of adequate trash disposal and incineration sites has led to periodic accumulations of garbage in urban and rural areas. In some cases, residents have burned garbage, resulting in toxic emissions that can aggravate respiratory problems.

The U.S. Navy initiated a public health evaluation in the Naples area in 2008. After finding levels of bacterial and chemical contamination of potential health concern, particularly in samples of area well water, the Navy recommended all personnel living off-base in the Naples area use only bottled water for drinking, cooking, ice-making, and brushing teeth. For more information on safe food and water precautions, see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

Good information on vaccinations and other health precautions can be found via the CDC website. For information about outbreaks of infectious diseases abroad, consult the World Health Organization (WHO) website. The WHO website also contains additional health information for travelers, including detailed country-specific health information.

MEDICAL INSURANCE: You can’t assume your insurance will go with you when you travel. It’s very important to find out BEFORE you leave. You need to ask your insurance company two questions:

• Does my policy apply when I’m out of the U.S.?
• Will it cover emergencies like a trip to a foreign hospital or an evacuation?

In many places, doctors and hospitals still expect payment in cash at the time of service. Your regular U.S. health insurance may not cover doctors’ and hospital visits in other countries. If your policy doesn’t go with you when you travel, it’s a very good idea to take out another one for your trip. For more information, please see our medical insurance overseas page.

TRAFFIC SAFETY AND ROAD CONDITIONS: While in a foreign country, U.S. citizens may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States. Italy has one of the highest rates of car accident deaths in the European Union. Streets in Italian historic city centers are often narrow, winding, and congested. Motor scooters are very popular, and scooter drivers often see themselves as exempt from conventions that apply to automobiles. Pedestrians and drivers should be constantly alert to the possibility of scooters’ sudden presence. Most vehicle-related deaths and injuries involve pedestrians or cyclists who are involved in collisions with scooters or other vehicles. Be particularly cautious if you rent a scooter. You should remain vigilant and alert when walking or cycling near traffic. Pedestrians should be careful, as sidewalks can be extremely congested and uneven. Drivers of bicycles, motorcycles, and other vehicles routinely ignore traffic signals and traffic flows, and park and drive on sidewalks. For safety, pedestrians should look carefully in both directions before crossing streets, even when using a marked crosswalk with a green avanti ("walk") light illuminated.

Traffic lights are limited and often disobeyed, and a different convention of right-of-way is observed. Italy has over 5,600 kilometers (3,480 mi.) of Autostrada, or superhighways. Commercial and individual vehicles travel and pass on these well-maintained roads at very high speeds. In rural areas, a wide range of speed on highways makes for hazardous driving. Roads are generally narrow and often have no guardrails. Travelers in northern Italy, especially in winter, should be aware of fog and poor visibility, responsible for multiple-car accidents each year. Most Italian automobiles are equipped with special fog lights. Roadside assistance in Italy is excellent on the well-maintained toll roads, but limited on secondary roads. Use of safety belts and child restraining devices is mandatory and headlights should be on at all times outside of urban areas.

U.S. citizens driving in Italy should also note that, according to Italian regulation, if a resident of a non-European Union country (e.g. the United States) violates a traffic law, the violator must pay the fine at the time the violation occurs to the police officer issuing the ticket. If the citizen does not or cannot pay the fine at the time, Italian regulation allows the police officer to confiscate the offender’s vehicle (even if the vehicle is a rental vehicle).

For specific information concerning Italian driving permits, vehicle inspection, road tax, and mandatory insurance, contact the Italian Government Tourist Board (ENIT), tel: 212-245-5618; or the A.C.I. (Automobile Club d’Italia) at Via Marsala 14A, 00185 Rome, tel: 39-06-4998-2496. For information on obtaining international drivers licenses, contact AAA or the American Automobile Touring Alliance. Please refer to our Road Safety page for more information. Visit the website of Italy’s national tourist office and national authority responsible for road safety.

AVIATION SAFETY OVERSIGHT: The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) assessed the Government of Italy’s Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards for oversight of Italy's air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the FAA safety assessment page.

CHILDREN'S ISSUES: Please see our Office of Children’s Issues web pages on intercountry adoption and international parental child abduction.

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This replaces the Country Specific Information for Italy dated July 16, 2009, to update all sections.

Maldives

COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: The Republic of Maldives consists of 1,190 islands (approximately 200 are inhabited) in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka. Maldives has a population of just over 400,000, of whom about one quarter reside in Male, the capital city. Beautiful atolls, inhabited by over 1,100 species of fish and other sea life, attract thousands of visitors each year. Tourism facilities are well developed on the resort islands. The tsunami of December 26, 2004, damaged several hotels and facilities on some of the islands, but all damaged tourism infrastructure has been rebuilt. Read the Department of State Background Notes on Maldives for additional information.

REGISTRATION / EMBASSY LOCATION: If you are going to live in or visit the Maldives, please take the time to tell our Embassy or Consulate about your trip.  Although there is no U.S. Embassy or Consulate in Maldives, the U.S. Embassy in Colombo, Sri Lanka, provides consular support for Maldives.  If you check in, we can keep you up to date with important safety and security announcements. It will also help your friends and family get in touch with you in an emergency.  Here’s the link to the Department of State’s travel registration page.

Local embassy information is available below and at the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates.

U.S. Embassy Colombo, Sri Lanka
210 Galle Road, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
Telephone: (94) (11) 249-8500
Emergency after-hours telephone: (94) (11) 249-8888
Facsimile: (94) (11) 249-8590

ENTRY / EXIT REQUIREMENTS: A valid passport, along with an onward/return ticket and sufficient funds, is required for entry.  A no-cost visitor visa valid for 30 days is issued upon arrival. The Department of Immigration and Emigration routinely approves requests for extension of stays up to 90 days for travelers who present evidence of sufficient funds and who stay in a resort or hotel or present a letter from a local sponsor. Anyone staying over 60 days without proper authorization faces heavy fines and deportation. All visitors departing the Republic of Maldives (except diplomats and certain exempted travelers) must pay an airport departure tax, which is usually included in the price of an airline ticket.  Travelers need a yellow fever immunization if they are arriving from an infected area.  Visit the Embassy of Maldives website for the most current visa information.

Arrival by private boat: Travelers arriving by private yacht or boat are granted no-cost visas, usually valid until the expected date of departure. Vessels anchoring in atolls other than Male must have prior clearance through agents in Male.  Maldivian customs, police, and/or representatives of Maldivian immigration will meet all vessels, regardless of where they anchor.  Vessels arriving with a dog on board will be permitted anchorage, but the dog will not be allowed off the vessel.  Any firearms or ammunition on board will be held for bond until the vessel’s departure.

With the exception of the capital, Male, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.

Specific inquiries should be addressed to Maldives High Commission in Colombo, Sri Lanka, at No. 25, Melbourne Avenue, Colombo 4, telephone (94) (11) 2587824 / 5516302 / 5516303, or the Maldives Mission to the U.N. in New York, telephone (212) 599-6195.

The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of Maldives.

Information about dual nationality or the prevention of international child abduction can be found on our website.  For further information about customs regulations, please read our Customs Information page.

SAFETY AND SECURITY: An explosion in Male's Sultan Park on September 29, 2007, wounded 12 foreign tourists.  There were no U.S. citizen injuries.  Maldivian police said the explosion, the first ever bomb blast in Maldives, was caused by an improvised explosive device triggered by a mobile phone.  The Maldivian Police Service was successful in identifying and arresting several suspects in the bombing, which is believed to have been an isolated extremist incident.  In November 2009, three Maldivians were sentenced to 15-year prison terms for their participation in the crime.

Maldives held its first-ever multi-party democratic election in late 2008.  The subsequent transition of power was generally peaceful. U.S. citizens are cautioned against engaging in political activity in Maldives.

Stay up to date by bookmarking our Bureau of Consular Affairs website, which contains the current Travel Warnings and Travel Alerts as well as the Worldwide Caution.

You can also call 1-888-407-4747 toll-free within the United States and Canada, or by calling a regular toll line, 1-202-501-4444, from other countries.  These numbers are available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).

There is nobody better at protecting you than yourself.  Take some time before travel to improve your personal security—things are not the same everywhere as they are in the United States.  Here are some useful tips for traveling safely abroad.

CRIME: Maldives has a low crime rate, but theft of valuables left unattended on beaches or in hotels does occur.  Drug use is on the rise, and the penalty for drugs is severe.

Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, even if they are widely available.  Not only are the bootlegs illegal in the United States, you may be breaking local law too. 

INFORMATION FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME: If you or someone you know becomes the victim of a crime abroad, you should contact the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate (see the Department of State’s list of embassies and consulates).  If your passport is stolen we can help you replace it.  For violent crimes such as assault and  rape,  we can, for example, help you find appropriate medical care, contact family members or friends and help you receive money from them if you need it.  Although the investigation and prosecution of the crime are solely the responsibility of local authorities, consular officers can help you to understand the local criminal justice process and to find an attorney if needed.

The local equivalent to the “911” emergency line in the Maldives is 119.

Please see our information on victims of crime, including possible victim compensation programs in the United States.

CRIMINAL PENALTIES: While you are traveling in another country, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen.  Foreign laws and legal systems can be vastly different from our own.   In some places you may be taken in for questioning if you don’t have your passport with you.  In some places, it is illegal to take pictures of certain buildings.  In some places driving under the influence could land you immediately in jail.  These criminal penalties will vary from country to country.  There are also some things that might be legal in the country you visit, but still illegal in the United States, and you can be prosecuted under U.S. law if you buy pirated goods or engage in child pornography.  While you are overseas, U.S. laws don’t apply.  If you do something illegal in your host country, your U.S. passport won’t help.  It’s very important to know what’s legal and what’s not where you are going. 

SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: Religious Laws: Public observance of any religion other than Islam is prohibited.  Religious gatherings such as Bible study groups are prohibited; however, a family unit may practice its religion, including Bible readings, within its residence.  It is against the law to invite or encourage Maldivian citizens to attend these gatherings.  Offenders may face jail sentences, expulsion, and/or fines.

Although Maldivian law prohibits importing “idols for religious worship,” tourists traveling to the resort islands are generally allowed to bring in items and texts used for personal religious observances.

Currency: Credit cards are increasingly accepted outside large hotels and resorts; cash payment in dollars is accepted at most retail shops and restaurants and by taxi drivers.

MEDICAL FACILITIES AND HEALTH INFORMATION: There is no 911 equivalent for medical emergencies in Maldives; 119 is for the police only, and the Coast Guard responds to 191 calls for maritime emergencies.  A patient would have to call an individual hospital for ambulance services.  The quality of medical care in such instances may be uncertain, as most ambulances are ill equipped.

Maldives has limited medical facilities.  There are two hospitals in Male: the government-owned Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital (IGM) and the privately owned Abduarahman Don Kaleyfan Hospital (ADK).  ADK accepts some insurance plans, but IGM does not.  The hospitals perform limited general and  orthopedic surgery, but Maldives has no trauma units and a small number of ICU beds.  Persons needing treatments not offered in Maldives require evacuation to the nearest adequate medical facility, such as in Singapore.

Five recompression chambers are available in Maldives.  The largest and longest operating recompression chamber is on Bandos Island (15 minutes by speedboat from Male).  The others are located on Sinnmon Alidhoo, Villi Gili Addu, Kuramathi Resort, and Kandholhudhoo Islands.

Good information on vaccinations and other health precautions can be found on the CDC website.  For information about outbreaks of infectious diseases abroad, consult the the World Health Organization (WHO) website.  The WHO website also contains additional health information for travelers, including detailed country-specific health information.

MEDICAL INSURANCE: You can’t assume your insurance will go with you when you travel.  It’s very important to find out BEFORE you leave.  You need to ask your insurance company two questions:

• Does my policy apply when I’m out of the U.S.?
• Will it cover emergencies such as a trip to a foreign hospital or an evacuation?

In many places, doctors and hospitals still expect payment in cash at the time of service.  Your regular U.S. health insurance may not cover doctors’ and hospital visits in other countries.  If your policy doesn’t go with you when you travel, it’s a very good idea to take out another one for your trip.  For more information, please see our medical insurance overseas page.

TRAFFIC SAFETY AND ROAD CONDITIONS: While in a foreign country, U.S. citizens may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States.  The information below concerning Maldives is provided for general reference only, and may not be totally accurate in a particular location or circumstance.

Only a few of the islands are large enough to support automobiles.  Most transportation in Maldives is by boat or seaplane (air taxi).  Maldives has good safety standards for land, sea, and air travel. Roads in Male and on the airport island are brick and generally well maintained.  Dirt roads on resort islands are well kept by the resorts.  Transportation in Male is either by foot or by readily available taxis that charge a fixed fee for any single journey.  Transportation between the airport and Male, as well as to nearby resort islands, is by motorized water taxi and speedboat.  Several local companies provide seaplane and helicopter service to outlying islands.  Air taxis stop flying one hour before sunset, and several resorts do not transport passengers by boat between the airport and the resort island later than one hour before sunset.  Visitors to distant resorts arriving in the country at night can expect to stay overnight at a hotel in Male or at the airport hotel and should confirm transfer arrangements in advance.

Please refer to our Road Safety page for more information.  Also, we suggest that you visit the website of the Maldives’ national tourist office and national authority responsible for road safety.

AVIATION SAFETY OVERSIGHT: As there is no direct commercial air service to the United States by carriers registered in the Maldives, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed the government of Maldives’ Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards.  Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page.

CHILDREN'S ISSUES:Please see our Office of Children’s Issues web pages on intercountry adoption and international parental child abduction.

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This replaces the Country Specific Information for the Maldives dated December 9, 2009,  to update sections on Medical Facilities and Health Information and Traffic Safety and Road Conditions.